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Dear Community, <\/em><\/p>\n we are happy to present you with the next episode of our series \u201cDID YOU KNOW\u201d in which we publish interesting facts about life with diabetes that you might not know yet. In this edition, on the special occasion of Rare Disease Day, we want to focus on the rare and lesser known types of diabetes. Enjoy the read!<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.dcberne.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-1.png” title_text=”Newsletter for Website (15)” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/www.dcberne.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Newsletter-for-Website-15.jpg” height=”300px” custom_margin=”64px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”48px||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.19.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||40px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||40px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ module_id=”post-content” _builder_version=”4.19.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.19.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Today is 29 February \u2013 the rarest day of the year, only occurring every 4 years during a leap year. As rare as this day \u2013 or most of the times even rarer \u2013 are many diseases which qualify as “rare diseases”. Between 7,000 and 8,000 rare diseases have been identified worldwide and around 300 million people live with at least one [1, 2]. Rare Disease Day was brought to life by advocacy organisations as an opportunity to raise awareness for rare diseases and to call for a human rights priority at local, national and international level.<\/p>\n Now you might be thinking, “That’s great, but what does it have to do with diabetes?”. Most people would perhaps consider diabetes as the opposite of a rare disease when about 537 million people worldwide live with the disease, making it a prevalence of 1 in 10 [3].<\/p>\n However, most outlets usually only cover the most common type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. In reality, there are many other types which are considered rare types, and some of them are results of rare diseases. In this newsletter, we want to draw your attention to some of them, to honor all people living with diabetes \u2013 no matter how rare the type!<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Avant Regular||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”30px” text_line_height=”36px” link_font=”||||on|||#89BBE5|” link_text_color=”#89BBE5″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||16px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Rare forms of diabetes are often classified as “secondary diabetes”, meaning that the manifestation of diabetes is the result of another disease or medication [5]. There are different types, induced by either genetic mutations, different syndromes or medications such as steroids [5].<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n MODY is a rare form of monogenic diabetes, caused by a mutation in a single gene. If a parent has it, children have a 50% chance of inheriting it. With only 1-2% of all people with diabetes living with MODY, it is very rare compared to the common types. Because of its rare character, it is estimated that 90% of people are misdiagnosed with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes at first [4]. MODY typically manifests under the age of 25 and treatment does not necessarily require insulin. There are many different subtypes, depending on which gene the mutation occurs in [4].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n As the name suggests, this type of diabetes is a result of the genetic condition Cystic Fibrosis. While people living with Cystic Fibrosis can also develop type 1 or type 2 diabetes, Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes is considered a separate type. It is caused by sticky mucus typical in Cystic Fibrosis scarring the pancreas and damaging the parts responsible for insulin production [6].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Type 3c Diabetes is often also referred to as “pancreatogenic diabetes” \u2013 it is caused by damage to the pancreas, or its removal [7]. Reasons for the development can thus be an acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, pancreatic cancer or other conditions. Type 3c Diabetes can be managed with medication or insulin injection, depending on the extent of pancreatic damage [7].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Alstr\u00f6m syndrome is an extremely rare disease, estimated to affect less than 1 in a million [8]. It is a genetically inherited syndrome which affects eyesight, hearing and other parts of the body. As a result of Alstr\u00f6m Syndrome, people often develop an insulin resistance and a type 2 diabetes [9].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Wolfram Syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder estimated to affect 1 in 160,000\u2013770,000 people [11]. It is often also referred to as “DIDMOAD syndrome” \u2013 an acronym for its four most common features Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy and Deafness [10]. The Diabetes Mellitus which comes with this syndrome is different to other types of diabetes and usually manifests during childhood [11]. It is commonly treated with insulin, similar to type 1 diabetes [10].<\/p>\n There are many more subcategories and other genetic disorders that can cause the onset of type 2 or type 1 diabetes, or classify as an entirely different type. To mark Rare Disease Day, we want to hold space for all of these types and the medical diversity within Diabetes Mellitus. Whereas at DCB, we commonly interact with the common types of diabetes, diabetes technologies can benefit all people living with diabetes, regardless of type and pathophysiology. Our aim is to make life easier for all people living with diabetes \u2013 including extremely rare forms.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Thanks so much for reading and we’ll provide you with the next episode of this series soon!<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [1] Federal Office of Public Health Switzerland: <\/span>Numerous Rare Diseases and Many People Affected.<\/a><\/p>\n [2] Rare Disease Day: <\/span>What is a Rare Disease?<\/a><\/p>\n [3] <\/span>IDF Diabetes Atlas<\/a><\/p>\n [4] Diabetes UK: <\/span>MODY<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n [5] Nomiyama T, Yanase T. [Secondary diabetes]. Nihon Rinsho. 2015 Dec;73(12):2008-12. Japanese. PMID: 26666145.<\/p>\n [6] Diabetes UK: <\/span>Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes<\/a><\/p>\n [7] Marshall JD, Maffei P, Collin GB, Naggert JK. Alstr\u00f6m syndrome: genetics and clinical overview. Curr Genomics. 2011 May;12(3): 225-35. doi: 10.2174\/138920211795677912. PMID: 22043170; PMCID: PMC3137007.<\/p>\n [8] Diabetes UK: <\/span>Type 3c Diabetes<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n [9] Alstr\u00f6m Syndrome UK: <\/span>Alstr\u00f6m Syndrome<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\nSecondary Diabetes<\/h3>\n
MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) <\/strong><\/h4>\n
Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes <\/strong><\/h4>\n
Type 3c Diabetes<\/strong><\/h4>\n
Alstr\u00f6m Syndrome<\/strong><\/h4>\n
Wolfram Syndrome<\/strong><\/h4>\n